Lessons from transdisciplinary urban research to promote sustainability transformation in real-world labs. Categories, pathways, and key principles for generating societal impact

Transdisciplinarity is essential for transformation-oriented sustainability research because the complex challenges associated with social-ecological transformations cannot be solved within the boundaries of individual disciplines. These challenges require the collaboration of natural, social, and engineering sciences and the humanities, as well as of actors from politics, business, and civil society.